The illusion of life is when we create an object or scene that appears to be real place or character when it isn't. So the animation book Illusion of Life is about how drawing images into real looking pieces of art that make the character appear real or express feeling. So yes i believe the title of this book fully expresses what animation is and that is to make drawings come to life.
Friday, April 25, 2014
Blog #8
The Nine Economical Ways that Animation can Build Emotions in the Imaginations of the Audience.
1. Rear View
- Sometimes feeling are better imagined than they could ever be shown in detail. This perspective showing the backs of the characters allows the audience to dream along with the characters.
- Sometimes feeling are better imagined than they could ever be shown in detail. This perspective showing the backs of the characters allows the audience to dream along with the characters.
- In this scene the viewer gazes upon the two lovers with the forest creatures. We can’t clearly see their faces, but their posture shows how in love they actually are.
2. Shadows
-Shadows are usually associated with suspense and drama. They are used for a variety of purposes from adding interest and variety to saving time from having to draw detail.
-Shadows are usually associated with suspense and drama. They are used for a variety of purposes from adding interest and variety to saving time from having to draw detail.
- The shadows of the creatures over the fire are very frightening. Just having them silhouetted allow the viewer to focus on the eyes, sharp teeth, and weapons. It was also a lot less detail for the animators to draw.
3. Shadows Over the Character
- This technique is used to convey excitement or anxiety. The situation is more fully conveyed with the addition of the main character’s reaction to the event.
- This technique is used to convey excitement or anxiety. The situation is more fully conveyed with the addition of the main character’s reaction to the event.
- In this scene shadows aren’t projected onto Sleeping Beauty, but the eerie green glow is creating the same effect. You are able to clearly see her reaction while adding a sense of how powerful the spinning wheel is.
4. Overlays
- This involves having a character partially hidden by other objects. It can be used to add a sense of panic or frenzy.
- This involves having a character partially hidden by other objects. It can be used to add a sense of panic or frenzy.
- In this scene, the overlay is not used to portray panic or frenzy, rather it is used to create an intimate feeling. The curtains block the action, giving a feeling of closeness and privacy.
5. Dramatic Layout
-The scene around the character can convey just as much or more emotion than just the character. Having a scene with large shapes and downward sloping hills may engulf the character giving depressed feeling. On the other hand, small shapes and bright colors may make the character look mighty and powerful.
-The scene around the character can convey just as much or more emotion than just the character. Having a scene with large shapes and downward sloping hills may engulf the character giving depressed feeling. On the other hand, small shapes and bright colors may make the character look mighty and powerful.
- These two scenes from Sleeping Beauty are a great example of how a background can make a huge difference in the feeling of a scene.
- In this scene, the characters are surrounded by a lush environment, with smooth waters, glistening trees, and rays of white light. It gives of a peaceful and happy feeling.
- On the other hand, this scene of the witch’s room gives off a completely different emotion. The green walls and eerie purple light are off-putting. Having Maleficent placed at the top of a staircase gives the character more power than if she was merely on the ground.
6. Pictorial Shot
A background with a strong mood can save difficult animation. Romanticizing an object can help to layer emotions.
A background with a strong mood can save difficult animation. Romanticizing an object can help to layer emotions.
- This shot shows a peeking view of the princess through the window. The animators romanticized her with flowers, sparkles, and draped material in order to capture a feeling of hope that would be hard to show otherwise.
7. Effects Animation
- Fine animation of forms from nature can establish a mood either by symbolism or showing what the character sees. Falling rain, a storm, approaching fire will quickly create strong feelings. Bright colors, sound effects, and movement help to convey a variety of emotions.
- Fine animation of forms from nature can establish a mood either by symbolism or showing what the character sees. Falling rain, a storm, approaching fire will quickly create strong feelings. Bright colors, sound effects, and movement help to convey a variety of emotions.
- The yellowish-green fire, and the waves of smoke in the background combine to create an intense feeling. This scene conveys danger, peril, and risk.
8. Held Drawing with Camera Moves
- Sometimes one strong character expression is all that is needed to convey emotion. Instead of moving the character, move the camera, this will stimulate a feeling of activity.
- Sometimes one strong character expression is all that is needed to convey emotion. Instead of moving the character, move the camera, this will stimulate a feeling of activity.
- In this scene, the image of Sleeping Beauty is still, but the camera zooms in onto her face. Just moving the camera is a simple way to add movement and life to a still image.
9. Offstage Sounds
-Sounds can build images in the imagination of the audiences. They can cause the viewer to imagine more than could possibly be drawn.
-Sounds can build images in the imagination of the audiences. They can cause the viewer to imagine more than could possibly be drawn.
- In the scene below, the fairies are granting Sleeping Beauty the gift of beauty. The sound effects of sparkles and singing combine to make the magic shown seem more real.
Blog #7
Here are Fred's 14 points of Animation.
1)Appeal in drawing meaning, his refers to the way the viewer feels about the character. For an example of this, For the Birds has cute characters that are relatable to all ages. They are simply drawn and have personality emanating from them.
2. Staging
-The purpose is to direct the audience’s attention. The animator needs to make clear what is of greatest importance in a scene, what is happening, and what is about to happen.
Example: By using angles and lines the director is able to direct the viewers attention right to the birds in the middle of the screen.
3. Most interesting way [Would anyone other than your mother want to see it?]
- Animation needs to be interesting. You need a story line that will captivate audiences.
Example: For the Birds is a funny and charming story. Pixar created characters that the audience becomes attached to and wants to see more of.
4. Is it the most entertaining way?
- An animator needs to be aware of how they draw a scene. They need to think of all the possibilities how a scene could happen and then choose the option that is the most intriguing.
Example:The scene that is the most intriguing is when the birds fly off the power line. Pixar could have just simply had them fall, but they shoot up into the sky leaving all their feathers behind.
5. Are you in character?
- Animators need to be in character before they even start to draw. To achieve a truly great drawing, the artist needs to feel what the character is feeling, understand the character’s thought processes, and really grasp the character’s personality.
Example: The Pixar animators took years to develop mulitple bird charters in For the Birds. Every bird has a different personality and view of the world around them.
6. Are you advancing the character?
- Everyone is constantly learning and evolving, your animated character also needs to. As the story develops, your characters need to develop as well.
Example: By the end of the story, all the birds have learned their lesson. They are embarrassed, and the large bird who always gets picked on finally gets the last laugh.
7. Is this the simplest statement of the main idea of the scene?
-It is easy to over complicate your work; often the simplest idea is the best idea.
Example: For the Birds is a very simple story. There are only a few characters and only one major prop: a power line.
8. Is the story point clear?
-A large audience needs to understand the story. Make sure that your ideas, themes, and motifs are all constant and clear.
Example: Image how you would have story without words. Would it still express a meaning or story.
9. Are the secondary actions working with the main action?
-If a character is walking do their arms move at the same pace? If wind is blowing, is the hair moving in the right direction? Secondary actions support the main action so be sure then work well together.
Example:In For the Birds, an example of secondary action supporting the main action can be seen when the bird bends over and shakes. Just his body doesn’t shake, all of his feathers move and ruffle with him.
10. Is the presentation best for the medium?
- How will your story or scene look in animation. Is another medium a better option- hand-drawn, computer animated, clay-mation, etc. . . Are you taking full advantage of the medium and all of the options it offers?
Example: Pixar was able to use computer animation to the best of their ability. In a world where anything is possible, they used animation to give life and personality to birds.
11. Does it have 2 dimensional clarity?
- Good animation needs to be clear, bright, and defined.
Example: For the Birds is a great example of 2 dimensional clarity. All the the colors are sharp, and the shapes are well defined.
12. Does it have 3 dimensional solidity?
-Is it a good drawing? The animator needs to be understand the basics of anatomy, composition, weight, balance, light and shadow etc.
Example: For the Birds does not follow the solid drawing rules. The characters do not adhere to the laws of physics. Anatomy is changed and balance and weight are way off. Pixar also ignores the rule of twins: when character’s left and right sides mirror each other, and look lifeless. Pixar disregards this principle because they do not want a realistic looking image; they want to capture a sense of humor within the work.
13. Does it have 4 dimensional drawing? [Drag and follow through]
- This refers to the techniques that help render movement more realistic, and give the impression that the characters follow the laws of physics. Separate parts of the body will continue to move after the character has stopped or it may take a few frames for parts of a character to catch up after they start to move.
Example: Drag can be seen when the birds fly off the power line. The birds fly into the air, but their feathers don’t follow them. Instead, they remain in place and then float to the ground.
14. Are you trying to do something that shouldn’t be attempted? [Like trying to show the top of Mickey's head?]
- Animators should always evaluate what they are doing. Often, a difficult scene to draw may be unnecessary. Fred believed that you should draw according to feeling and what looks right.
Example: Image batman without the Bat suit would that still make him batman if he didn't wear the suit to fight crime.
12 Components in Good Animation
1. Inner feeling and emotion
-A character should be animated with the personality first. For there to be an illusion of life, characters need feelings and emotion.
Example:Mickey is relateable because he has the personality of your average young boy. He is fun loving, clean living, bashful around girls, polite, and clever.
2. Acting with clear and definite action
- Animators need to know exactly what needs to be accomplished within a scene. They must animate with these ideas in mind and clearly define action.
Example: In this famous scene from Fantasia the animators had a clear and definite story line. There are only a couple props in the scene which they used to get the story idea across.
3. Character and personality
- This goes along with point number 1. For a character to be appealing they need to have personality. Audiences need to believe in the characters to connect with them.
Example: If the character was complete bland would you want to watch them or would you rather watch a silly guy making lame jokes to soften the mood.
4. Thought process through expression changes
- This is one of the most important principles for an animator to know. It is used to quickly captivate audiences. Creating subtle movements that change the expression give off the illusion of life.
Example:Like the character waving their hand to say hello to somebody or a nod of the head to response to question.
5. Ability to analyze
-Animators need to be able to analyze several things: construction, movements, story lines, etc. . . Analysis allows an animator to see if the characters look right and obey the laws of physics.
Example:Walt’s best skill was his ability to analyze. He was able to study animations and push his workers to achieve the best picture possible.
6. Clear Staging
-The purpose is to direct the audience’s attention. The animator needs to make clear what is of greatest importance in a scene, what is happening, and what is about to happen.
Example: Would be to have a charter or object be the center or most important part of the current scene making the stuff in the background less important.
Photo Credit
7. Good Composition
- This refers to the structure and arrangement of a scene. Does everything flow? Is a background object too distracting?
Example: By having a simple background like one color. There is nothing distracting from the main content of the scene.
8. Timing
-Refers to the length of time action takes place on a screen; with the more inbetweens shots the longer the time.
Example:There are an average of 4 drawings per frame and 24 frames per second, that equals to 96 drawings a seconds. An average 80 minute film requires 460,800 drawings.
9. Solidity in drawing
-Solid drawing refers to good drawing. It means that the animator must be able to understand the basics of anatomy, composition, weight, balance, light and shadow etc.
Example: Mickey’s head is drawn as a ball, with all the features (eyes, black and white, ears) drawn to fit the ball. He has a plump pear-shaped body with the suggestion of a stomach and a fanny. His clothes are drawn so that they move with him.
10. Power in drawing
-Good animation needs to have power behind it. This can best be seen in Disney’s villains. Why are these characters scarier than others? Because they have power. As an animator, the best way to put power into your characters is to draw from the inner feelings and emotions of that character.
Example:Black Pete, Mickey’s enemy, is intimidating because his emotions and strength were established first then incorporated into his final image.
11. Strength in movement
-A character must be strong in their movements. Every character should have their own personality and attitude. They should move with force and steadiness.
Example: Disney has created a variety of characters, yet each one is immediately recognizable. Even though they were created by the same people each one is unique.
12. Imagination
-Imagination is of vital importance to animation. This is the illusion of life. Nothing is real, it only exists in the imagination of the viewers. Therefore, anything is possible and the only limit is the animators imagination.
Example:Good animation is not just a summation of various points. The best animators are born that way not taught. Mastering technical skills is not enough, a truly talented artist draws with feeling, capturing emotion in the drawings.
1)Appeal in drawing meaning, his refers to the way the viewer feels about the character. For an example of this, For the Birds has cute characters that are relatable to all ages. They are simply drawn and have personality emanating from them.
2. Staging
-The purpose is to direct the audience’s attention. The animator needs to make clear what is of greatest importance in a scene, what is happening, and what is about to happen.
Example: By using angles and lines the director is able to direct the viewers attention right to the birds in the middle of the screen.
3. Most interesting way [Would anyone other than your mother want to see it?]
- Animation needs to be interesting. You need a story line that will captivate audiences.
Example: For the Birds is a funny and charming story. Pixar created characters that the audience becomes attached to and wants to see more of.
4. Is it the most entertaining way?
- An animator needs to be aware of how they draw a scene. They need to think of all the possibilities how a scene could happen and then choose the option that is the most intriguing.
Example:The scene that is the most intriguing is when the birds fly off the power line. Pixar could have just simply had them fall, but they shoot up into the sky leaving all their feathers behind.
5. Are you in character?
- Animators need to be in character before they even start to draw. To achieve a truly great drawing, the artist needs to feel what the character is feeling, understand the character’s thought processes, and really grasp the character’s personality.
Example: The Pixar animators took years to develop mulitple bird charters in For the Birds. Every bird has a different personality and view of the world around them.
6. Are you advancing the character?
- Everyone is constantly learning and evolving, your animated character also needs to. As the story develops, your characters need to develop as well.
Example: By the end of the story, all the birds have learned their lesson. They are embarrassed, and the large bird who always gets picked on finally gets the last laugh.
7. Is this the simplest statement of the main idea of the scene?
-It is easy to over complicate your work; often the simplest idea is the best idea.
Example: For the Birds is a very simple story. There are only a few characters and only one major prop: a power line.
8. Is the story point clear?
-A large audience needs to understand the story. Make sure that your ideas, themes, and motifs are all constant and clear.
Example: Image how you would have story without words. Would it still express a meaning or story.
9. Are the secondary actions working with the main action?
-If a character is walking do their arms move at the same pace? If wind is blowing, is the hair moving in the right direction? Secondary actions support the main action so be sure then work well together.
Example:In For the Birds, an example of secondary action supporting the main action can be seen when the bird bends over and shakes. Just his body doesn’t shake, all of his feathers move and ruffle with him.
10. Is the presentation best for the medium?
- How will your story or scene look in animation. Is another medium a better option- hand-drawn, computer animated, clay-mation, etc. . . Are you taking full advantage of the medium and all of the options it offers?
Example: Pixar was able to use computer animation to the best of their ability. In a world where anything is possible, they used animation to give life and personality to birds.
11. Does it have 2 dimensional clarity?
- Good animation needs to be clear, bright, and defined.
Example: For the Birds is a great example of 2 dimensional clarity. All the the colors are sharp, and the shapes are well defined.
12. Does it have 3 dimensional solidity?
-Is it a good drawing? The animator needs to be understand the basics of anatomy, composition, weight, balance, light and shadow etc.
Example: For the Birds does not follow the solid drawing rules. The characters do not adhere to the laws of physics. Anatomy is changed and balance and weight are way off. Pixar also ignores the rule of twins: when character’s left and right sides mirror each other, and look lifeless. Pixar disregards this principle because they do not want a realistic looking image; they want to capture a sense of humor within the work.
13. Does it have 4 dimensional drawing? [Drag and follow through]
- This refers to the techniques that help render movement more realistic, and give the impression that the characters follow the laws of physics. Separate parts of the body will continue to move after the character has stopped or it may take a few frames for parts of a character to catch up after they start to move.
Example: Drag can be seen when the birds fly off the power line. The birds fly into the air, but their feathers don’t follow them. Instead, they remain in place and then float to the ground.
14. Are you trying to do something that shouldn’t be attempted? [Like trying to show the top of Mickey's head?]
- Animators should always evaluate what they are doing. Often, a difficult scene to draw may be unnecessary. Fred believed that you should draw according to feeling and what looks right.
Example: Image batman without the Bat suit would that still make him batman if he didn't wear the suit to fight crime.
12 Components in Good Animation
1. Inner feeling and emotion
-A character should be animated with the personality first. For there to be an illusion of life, characters need feelings and emotion.
Example:Mickey is relateable because he has the personality of your average young boy. He is fun loving, clean living, bashful around girls, polite, and clever.
2. Acting with clear and definite action
- Animators need to know exactly what needs to be accomplished within a scene. They must animate with these ideas in mind and clearly define action.
Example: In this famous scene from Fantasia the animators had a clear and definite story line. There are only a couple props in the scene which they used to get the story idea across.
3. Character and personality
- This goes along with point number 1. For a character to be appealing they need to have personality. Audiences need to believe in the characters to connect with them.
Example: If the character was complete bland would you want to watch them or would you rather watch a silly guy making lame jokes to soften the mood.
4. Thought process through expression changes
- This is one of the most important principles for an animator to know. It is used to quickly captivate audiences. Creating subtle movements that change the expression give off the illusion of life.
Example:Like the character waving their hand to say hello to somebody or a nod of the head to response to question.
5. Ability to analyze
-Animators need to be able to analyze several things: construction, movements, story lines, etc. . . Analysis allows an animator to see if the characters look right and obey the laws of physics.
Example:Walt’s best skill was his ability to analyze. He was able to study animations and push his workers to achieve the best picture possible.
6. Clear Staging
-The purpose is to direct the audience’s attention. The animator needs to make clear what is of greatest importance in a scene, what is happening, and what is about to happen.
Example: Would be to have a charter or object be the center or most important part of the current scene making the stuff in the background less important.
Photo Credit
7. Good Composition
- This refers to the structure and arrangement of a scene. Does everything flow? Is a background object too distracting?
Example: By having a simple background like one color. There is nothing distracting from the main content of the scene.
8. Timing
-Refers to the length of time action takes place on a screen; with the more inbetweens shots the longer the time.
Example:There are an average of 4 drawings per frame and 24 frames per second, that equals to 96 drawings a seconds. An average 80 minute film requires 460,800 drawings.
9. Solidity in drawing
-Solid drawing refers to good drawing. It means that the animator must be able to understand the basics of anatomy, composition, weight, balance, light and shadow etc.
Example: Mickey’s head is drawn as a ball, with all the features (eyes, black and white, ears) drawn to fit the ball. He has a plump pear-shaped body with the suggestion of a stomach and a fanny. His clothes are drawn so that they move with him.
10. Power in drawing
-Good animation needs to have power behind it. This can best be seen in Disney’s villains. Why are these characters scarier than others? Because they have power. As an animator, the best way to put power into your characters is to draw from the inner feelings and emotions of that character.
Example:Black Pete, Mickey’s enemy, is intimidating because his emotions and strength were established first then incorporated into his final image.
11. Strength in movement
-A character must be strong in their movements. Every character should have their own personality and attitude. They should move with force and steadiness.
Example: Disney has created a variety of characters, yet each one is immediately recognizable. Even though they were created by the same people each one is unique.
12. Imagination
-Imagination is of vital importance to animation. This is the illusion of life. Nothing is real, it only exists in the imagination of the viewers. Therefore, anything is possible and the only limit is the animators imagination.
Example:Good animation is not just a summation of various points. The best animators are born that way not taught. Mastering technical skills is not enough, a truly talented artist draws with feeling, capturing emotion in the drawings.
Sunday, March 16, 2014
Blog # 6 Appeal
I believe the lowest common denominator is used to warm up the heart. By making the emotion pure and simple the point gets across to the audience and they can feel the moment. By just keeping the feeling and emotions that the charters express to simple facial expression or gestures any can understand how they feel and open up to their story. By seeing this simple expression we can making the images come to life and feel like the scene, charter, and experience seem real to all.
Blog #5 Mood
The disney artists meant that a person display emotions through a variety of different facial or body expressions. This type of behaviors or personality can be directly seen in every day life as we live it. When walking through the streets or builds you see how a person walks or talks to other directly shows you there mood or their personality in action. By look for these type of actions in daily life Disney artists were able to add expression to animation through the same methods humans also expression there feelings. They were able to perfect the art of animating these actions into there work create great pieces of animation for all to see and enjoy.
Blog #4 The real and realism
The quote Walt Disney used in chapter, "I definitely feel that we cannot do the fantastic things based on the real, unless we first know the real" meant that his team had to figure out how to make character animation seem real to the audience. Animation started off as cartoonish to express a feeling to an audience so find true emotion or expression in real sense in animation was hard to show. It was like trying to make two sides of the spectrum mesh together. For example take example how Disney started out in animation they also started with cartoonish animation style and compare that to today Disney animation movies. First of all the today characters look human and are able to express emotion there the various expression we display in life. In early animation those expression were hard to express in a cartoonish animation without largely exaggeration motions to express a emotion.
Blog #3 Principles
In animation there is 12 principles that give shape to the animated world. These 12 principles are Squash and stretch, Anticipation, Staging, Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose, Follow Through and Overlapping Action, Slow In and Slow Out, Arcs, Secondary Action, Timing, Exaggeration, Solid characters, and Appeal.
Squash and stretch is about how an object reacts to a surface or wall first is squash on the surface then stretches outward then back into original shape after leaving which help by giving some weight to objects. An example of this is when a ball fells to the ground it hits the surface squashing and then stretch out before bouncing back upward into the air.
Anticipation is how scene is built up before an action happens. For example a pitcher in baseball reads signals from the catcher for the pitch throw then throws the pitch.
Staging is when a pose or action in the animation is clearly expressed through different camera angles to the audience through the character reaction, attitude, and mood in telling a story. For example when if a character shows anger at another character will have a close-up on their face expressions to make it clear to the audience.
Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose are two different styles. Straight ahead animation starts at the first frame and works frame to frame to the end of a scene were you can lose size, volume, and proportions over the course of the animation.In Pose to Pose is more planned out and charted with key poses done at intervals throughout the scene and the sizes, volumes, and proportions are the same throughout the animation. For example of these styles watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZHdfHJtNWc to see and know the difference between the two styles.
Follow Through and Overlapping Action are also two styles of action. When the main body of the character stops all other parts continue to catch up to the main mass of the character, such as arms and when nothing stops all at once is follow through action.Overlapping action is when the character changes direction while his clothes or hair continues forward. For an example of these two watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAPd2INz7uo.
Slow in and Outs are used when you need to soften the action, making it more life-like in an animation. Depending on how many drawings are made they can make the movement speed up or slow down. For an video example of this watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQ-NC0bHTYs.
Arcs are when an object follows slightly circular path which gives an animation a more natural action and better flow. For example watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDwufYmVVo8.
Secondary Action is when an action adds to and enriches the main action and adds more dimension to the character's animation. For example view the video of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsdoPlL1t38.
Timing is when there is variety of slow and fast timing within a scene which adds texture and interest to the movement and these frames between poses slow and smooth the action. Fewer drawings make the action faster and crisper. For example watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaF2Hv-Gf-Q.
Exaggeration is when facial features, expressions, poses, attitudes and actions are exaggerated to the point to make it more readable to an audience. For example watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NU-MOpWtm4Solid characters.
Solid characters are when the basic principles of form, weight, volume solidity and the illusion of three dimension are used in animations like in academic art. For example watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oGnyCj__CYAppeal.
Appeal is an easy to read design, clear poses, and personality development that will capture and involve the audiences interest. For example watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZDCsxLHZq4.
Squash and stretch is about how an object reacts to a surface or wall first is squash on the surface then stretches outward then back into original shape after leaving which help by giving some weight to objects. An example of this is when a ball fells to the ground it hits the surface squashing and then stretch out before bouncing back upward into the air.
Anticipation is how scene is built up before an action happens. For example a pitcher in baseball reads signals from the catcher for the pitch throw then throws the pitch.
Staging is when a pose or action in the animation is clearly expressed through different camera angles to the audience through the character reaction, attitude, and mood in telling a story. For example when if a character shows anger at another character will have a close-up on their face expressions to make it clear to the audience.
Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose are two different styles. Straight ahead animation starts at the first frame and works frame to frame to the end of a scene were you can lose size, volume, and proportions over the course of the animation.In Pose to Pose is more planned out and charted with key poses done at intervals throughout the scene and the sizes, volumes, and proportions are the same throughout the animation. For example of these styles watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZHdfHJtNWc to see and know the difference between the two styles.
Follow Through and Overlapping Action are also two styles of action. When the main body of the character stops all other parts continue to catch up to the main mass of the character, such as arms and when nothing stops all at once is follow through action.Overlapping action is when the character changes direction while his clothes or hair continues forward. For an example of these two watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAPd2INz7uo.
Slow in and Outs are used when you need to soften the action, making it more life-like in an animation. Depending on how many drawings are made they can make the movement speed up or slow down. For an video example of this watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQ-NC0bHTYs.
Arcs are when an object follows slightly circular path which gives an animation a more natural action and better flow. For example watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDwufYmVVo8.
Secondary Action is when an action adds to and enriches the main action and adds more dimension to the character's animation. For example view the video of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsdoPlL1t38.
Timing is when there is variety of slow and fast timing within a scene which adds texture and interest to the movement and these frames between poses slow and smooth the action. Fewer drawings make the action faster and crisper. For example watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaF2Hv-Gf-Q.
Exaggeration is when facial features, expressions, poses, attitudes and actions are exaggerated to the point to make it more readable to an audience. For example watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NU-MOpWtm4Solid characters.
Solid characters are when the basic principles of form, weight, volume solidity and the illusion of three dimension are used in animations like in academic art. For example watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oGnyCj__CYAppeal.
Appeal is an easy to read design, clear poses, and personality development that will capture and involve the audiences interest. For example watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZDCsxLHZq4.
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